|
|
||||||||
The FASEB Journal, Vol 10, 969-978, Copyright © 1996 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
REVIEWS |
H Marshall, A Morrison, M Studer, H Popperl and R Krumlauf
Division of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom.
The vertebrate embryonic body plan is constructed through the interaction of many developmentally regulated genes that supply cells with the essential positional and functional information they require to migrate to their appropriate destination and generate the proper structures. Some molecular cues involved in patterning the central nervous system, particularly in the hindbrain, are interpreted by the Hox homeobox genes. Retinoids can affect the expression of Hox genes in cells lines and embryonic tissues; the hindbrain and branchial region of the head are particularly sensitive to the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid. The presence of endogenous retinoic acid, together with the distribution of retinoid binding proteins and nuclear receptors in the developing embryo, strongly suggest that retinoic acid is a natural morphogen in vertebrate development. The molecular basis for the interaction between retinoic acid and the Hox genes has been aided in part by approaches using deletion analysis in transgenic mice carrying lacZ reporter constructs. Such studies have identified functional retinoic acid response elements within flanking sequences of some of the most 3' Hox genes, suggesting a direct interaction between the genes and retinoic acid. Furthermore, as demonstrated using transgenic mice carrying Hoxb-1/lacZ constructs, multiple retinoic acid response elements may cooperate with positive and negative regulatory enhancers to specify pattern formation in the vertebrate embryo. These types of studies strongly support the normal roles of retinoids in patterning vertebrate embryogenesis through the Hox genes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
H. Chen, H. Zhang, J. Lee, X. Liang, X. Wu, T. Zhu, P.-k. Lo, X. Zhang, and S. Sukumar HOXA5 Acts Directly Downstream of Retinoic Acid Receptor {beta} and Contributes to Retinoic Acid Induced Apoptosis and Growth Inhibition Cancer Res., September 1, 2007; 67(17): 8007 - 8013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Kobrossy, M. Rastegar, and M. Featherstone Interplay between Chromatin and Trans-acting Factors Regulating the Hoxd4 Promoter during Neural Differentiation J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2006; 281(36): 25926 - 25939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y.-S. Cho, E.-J. Kim, U.-H. Park, H.-S. Sin, and S.-J. Um Additional Sex Comb-like 1 (ASXL1), in Cooperation with SRC-1, Acts as a Ligand-dependent Coactivator for Retinoic Acid Receptor J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 2006; 281(26): 17588 - 17598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. E. Purton, S. Dworkin, G. H. Olsen, C. R. Walkley, S. A. Fabb, S. J. Collins, and P. Chambon RAR{gamma} is critical for maintaining a balance between hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation J. Exp. Med., May 15, 2006; 203(5): 1283 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X.-f. Wang, D. Z. Qian, M. Ren, Y. Kato, Y. Wei, L. Zhang, Z. Fansler, D. Clark, O. Nakanishi, and R. Pili Epigenetic Modulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor {beta}2 by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2005; 11(9): 3535 - 3542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Serpente, S. Tumpel, N. B. Ghyselinck, K. Niederreither, L. M. Wiedemann, P. Dolle, P. Chambon, R. Krumlauf, and A. P. Gould Direct crossregulation between retinoic acid receptor {beta} and Hox genes during hindbrain segmentation Development, February 1, 2005; 132(3): 503 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. DU and H. S. TAYLOR Molecular Regulation of Mullerian Development by Hox Genes Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2004; 1034(1): 152 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. S. Williams, J. P. Mear, H.-C. Liang, S. S. Potter, B. J. Aronow, and M. C. Colbert Large-scale reprogramming of cranial neural crest gene expression by retinoic acid exposure Physiol Genomics, October 4, 2004; 19(2): 184 - 197. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Rastegar, L. Kobrossy, E. N. Kovacs, I. Rambaldi, and M. Featherstone Sequential Histone Modifications at Hoxd4 Regulatory Regions Distinguish Anterior from Posterior Embryonic Compartments Mol. Cell. Biol., September 15, 2004; 24(18): 8090 - 8103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Mikheeva, M. Barrier, S. A. Little, R. Beyer, A. M. Mikheev, M. K. Kerr, and P. E. Mirkes Alterations in Gene Expression Induced in Day-9 Mouse Embryos Exposed to Hyperthermia (HS) or 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4CP): Analysis Using cDNA Microarrays Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2004; 79(2): 345 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Qin, J. M. Haberbusch, Z. Zhang, K. J. Soprano, and D. R. Soprano Pre-B Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor (PBX) Proteins Are Important Mediators for Retinoic Acid-dependent Endodermal and Neuronal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma P19 Cells J. Biol. Chem., April 16, 2004; 279(16): 16263 - 16271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Houle, J.-R. Sylvestre, and D. Lohnes Retinoic acid regulates a subset of Cdx1 function in vivo Development, December 29, 2003; 130(26): 6555 - 6567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Matt, N. B. Ghyselinck, O. Wendling, P. Chambon, and M. Mark Retinoic acid-induced developmental defects are mediated by RAR{beta}/RXR heterodimers in the pharyngeal endoderm Development, May 15, 2003; 130(10): 2083 - 2093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bel-Vialar, N. Itasaki, and R. Krumlauf Initiating Hox gene expression: in the early chick neural tube differential sensitivity to FGF and RA signaling subdivides the HoxB genes in two distinct groups Development, March 13, 2003; 129(22): 5103 - 5115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H Zhang and S. Emmons The novel C. elegans gene sop-3 modulates Wnt signaling to regulate Hox gene expression Development, January 3, 2001; 128(5): 767 - 777. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Kim and H. C. Nielsen Hoxa-5 in mouse developing lung: cell-specific expression and retinoic acid regulation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): L863 - L871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Houle, P. Prinos, A. Iulianella, N. Bouchard, and D. Lohnes Retinoic Acid Regulation of Cdx1: an Indirect Mechanism for Retinoids and Vertebral Specification Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2000; 20(17): 6579 - 6586. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
G. K. Menon and J. Menon Avian Epidermal Lipids: Functional Considerations and Relationship to Feathering Integr. Comp. Biol., August 1, 2000; 40(4): 540 - 552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K Niederreither, J Vermot, B Schuhbaur, P Chambon, and P Dolle Retinoic acid synthesis and hindbrain patterning in the mouse embryo Development, January 1, 2000; 127(1): 75 - 85. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Iitsuka, H. Shimizu, M. M. Kang, K. Sasagawa, S. Sekiya, T. Tokuhisa, and M. Hatano An Enhancer Element for Expression of the Ncx (Enx, Hox11L1) Gene in Neural Crest-derived Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 20, 1999; 274(34): 24401 - 24407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Melnick and J. D. Licht Deconstructing a Disease: RAR{alpha}, Its Fusion Partners, and Their Roles in the Pathogenesis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Blood, May 15, 1999; 93(10): 3167 - 3215. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Chase, A. Reiter, L. Burci, G. Cazzaniga, A. Biondi, J. Pickard, I. A.G. Roberts, J. M. Goldman, and N. C.P. Cross Fusion of ETV6 to the Caudal-Related Homeobox Gene CDX2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With the t(12;13)(p13;q12) Blood, February 1, 1999; 93(3): 1025 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M Studer, A Gavalas, H Marshall, L Ariza-McNaughton, F. Rijli, P Chambon, and R Krumlauf Genetic interactions between Hoxa1 and Hoxb1 reveal new roles in regulation of early hindbrain patterning Development, January 3, 1998; 125(6): 1025 - 1036. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J van der Wees, J. Schilthuis, C. Koster, H Diesveld-Schipper, G. Folkers, P. van der Saag, M. Dawson, K Shudo, B van der Burg, and A. Durston Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor-mediated signalling alters positional identity in the developing hindbrain Development, January 2, 1998; 125(3): 545 - 556. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Lumsden and R. Krumlauf Patterning the Vertebrate Neuraxis Science, November 15, 1996; 274(5290): 1109 - 1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |