The FASEB Journal, Vol 10, 502-509, Copyright © 1996 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Mechanical load induces sarcoplasmic wounding and FGF release in differentiated human skeletal muscle cultures

MS Clarke and DL Feeback
Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.

The transduction mechanism (or mechanisms) responsible for converting a mechanical load into a skeletal muscle growth response are unclear. In this study we have used a mechanically active tissue culture model of differentiated human skeletal muscle cells to investigate the relationship between mechanical load, sarcolemma wounding, fibroblast growth factor release, and skeletal muscle cell growth. Using the Flexcell Strain Unit we demonstrate that as mechanical load increases, so too does the amount of sarcolemma wounding. A similar relationship was also observed between the level of mechanical load inflicted on the cells and the amount of bFGF (FGF2) released into the surrounding medium. In addition, we demonstrate that the muscle cell growth response induced by chronic mechanical loading in culture can be inhibited by the presence of an antibody capable of neutralizing the biological activity of FGF. This study provides direct evidence that mechanically induced, sarcolemma wound-mediated FGF release is an important autocrine mechanism for transducing the stimulus of mechanical load into a skeletal muscle growth response.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Miyazaki and K. A. Esser Cellular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in animals J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2009; 106(4): 1367 - 1373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Muroi, K. Kakudo, and K. Nakata Effects of Compressive Loading on Human Synovium-derived Cells Journal of Dental Research, August 1, 2007; 86(8): 786 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zhan, B. Jin, S.-E. Chen, J. M. Reecy, and Y.-P. Li TACE release of TNF-{alpha} mediates mechanotransduction-induced activation of p38 MAPK and myogenesis J. Cell Sci., February 15, 2007; 120(4): 692 - 701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. Tsivitse, E. Mylona, J. M. Peterson, W. T. Gunning, and F. X. Pizza Mechanical loading and injury induce human myotubes to release neutrophil chemoattractants Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): C721 - C729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. KJAeR Role of Extracellular Matrix in Adaptation of Tendon and Skeletal Muscle to Mechanical Loading Physiol Rev, April 1, 2004; 84(2): 649 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Fluck, M. Chiquet, S. Schmutz, M.-H. Mayet-Sornay, and D. Desplanches Reloading of atrophied rat soleus muscle induces tenascin-C expression around damaged muscle fibers Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2003; 284(3): R792 - R801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. EBIHARA, S. N. A. HUSSAIN, G. DANIALOU, W.-K. CHO, S. B. GOTTFRIED, and B. J. PETROF Mechanical Ventilation Protects against Diaphragm Injury in Sepsis . Interaction of Oxidative and Mechanical Stresses Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2002; 165(2): 221 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Bamman, J. R. Shipp, J. Jiang, B. A. Gower, G. R. Hunter, A. Goodman, C. L. McLafferty Jr., and R. J. Urban Mechanical load increases muscle IGF-I and androgen receptor mRNA concentrations in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2001; 280(3): E383 - E390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. G. De Deyne Formation of sarcomeres in developing myotubes: role of mechanical stretch and contractile activation Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): C1801 - C1811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Eliakim, Y. Oh, and D. M. Cooper Effect of single wrist exercise on fibroblast growth factor-2, insulin-like growth factor, and growth hormone Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): R548 - R553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Frenette, B. Cai, and J. G. Tidball Complement Activation Promotes Muscle Inflammation during Modified Muscle Use Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2000; 156(6): 2103 - 2110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. P. Grembowicz, D. Sprague, and P. L. McNeil Temporary Disruption of the Plasma Membrane Is Required for c-fos Expression in Response to Mechanical Stress Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 1999; 10(4): 1247 - 1257. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Y Low and P. M Taylor Integrin and cytoskeletal involvement in signalling cell volume changes to glutamine transport in rat skeletal muscle J. Physiol., October 15, 1998; 512(2): 481 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. F. Clarke, M. M. Bamman, and D. L. Feeback Bed rest decreases mechanically induced myofiber wounding and consequent wound-mediated FGF release J Appl Physiol, August 1, 1998; 85(2): 593 - 600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. A. Fischer, P. L. McNeil, R. Khakee, P. Finn, R. A. Kelly, M. A. Pfeffer, and J. M. Pfeffer Cardiac Myocyte Membrane Wounding in the Abruptly Pressure-Overloaded Rat Heart Under High Wall Stress Hypertension, November 1, 1997; 30(5): 1041 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. L. McNeil and R. A. Steinhardt Loss, Restoration, and Maintenance of Plasma Membrane Integrity J. Cell Biol., April 7, 1997; 137(1): 1 - 4. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. C. Cheng, W. H. Briggs, D. S. Gerson, P. Libby, A. J. Grodzinsky, M. L. Gray, and R. T. Lee Mechanical Strain Tightly Controls Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Release From Cultured Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Circ. Res., January 1, 1997; 80(1): 28 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text]