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The FASEB Journal, Vol 10, 1270-1279, Copyright © 1996 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

REVIEWS

Heparan sulfate: a piece of information

M Salmivirta, K Lidholt and U Lindahl
Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden.

The sulfated glycosaminoglycans, heparan sulfate and heparin, are increasingly implicated in cell-biological processes such as cytokine action, cell adhesion, and regulation of enzymic catalysis. These activities generally depend on interactions of the polysaccharides with proteins, mediated by distinct saccharide sequences, and expressed at various levels of specificity, selectivity, and molecular organization. The formation of heparin/ heparan sulfate in the cell requires an elaborate biosynthetic machinery, that is conceived in terms of a novel model of glycosaminoglycan assembly and processive modification. Recent advances in the identification and molecular analysis of the enzymes and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis provide novel tools to study the regulation of the process, presently poorly understood, at the subcellular and cellular levels. The potential medical importance of heparin-related compounds is likely to promote the biotechnological exploitation of components of the biosynthetic machinery.


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Characterization of a Neutrophil Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycan That Mediates Binding of Platelet Factor 4
J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 1999; 274(18): 12376 - 12382.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Kakuta, T. Sueyoshi, M. Negishi, and L. C. Pedersen
Crystal Structure of the Sulfotransferase Domain of Human Heparan Sulfate N-Deacetylase/ N-Sulfotransferase 1
J. Biol. Chem., April 16, 1999; 274(16): 10673 - 10676.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. B. Ancsin and R. Kisilevsky
The Heparin/Heparan Sulfate-binding Site on Apo-serum Amyloid A. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION OF AMYLOIDOSIS
J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 1999; 274(11): 7172 - 7181.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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E. A. Wolff, B. Greenfield, D. D. Taub, W. J. Murphy, K. L. Bennett, and A. Aruffo
Generation of Artificial Proteoglycans Containing Glycosaminoglycan-modified CD44. DEMONSTRATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN RANTES AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE
J. Biol. Chem., January 22, 1999; 274(4): 2518 - 2524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
P. Gupta, T. R. Oegema Jr, J. J. Brazil, A. Z. Dudek, A. Slungaard, and C. M. Verfaillie
Structurally Specific Heparan Sulfates Support Primitive Human Hematopoiesis by Formation of a Multimolecular Stem Cell Niche
Blood, December 15, 1998; 92(12): 4641 - 4651.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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A. M. Clement, S. Nadanaka, K. Masayama, C. Mandl, K. Sugahara, and A. Faissner
The DSD-1 Carbohydrate Epitope Depends on Sulfation, Correlates with Chondroitin Sulfate D Motifs, and Is Sufficient to Promote Neurite Outgrowth
J. Biol. Chem., October 23, 1998; 273(43): 28444 - 28453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. Lind, F. Tufaro, C. McCormick, U. Lindahl, and K. Lidholt
The Putative Tumor Suppressors EXT1 and EXT2 Are Glycosyltransferases Required for the Biosynthesis of Heparan Sulfate
J. Biol. Chem., October 9, 1998; 273(41): 26265 - 26268.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. E. Hoke, E. G. C. Regisford, J. Julian, A. Amin, C. Begue-Kirn, and D. D. Carson
Murine HIP/L29 Is a Heparin-binding Protein with a Restricted Pattern of Expression in Adult Tissues
J. Biol. Chem., September 25, 1998; 273(39): 25148 - 25157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. J. Ianelli, R. DeLellis, and D. A. Thorley-Lawson
CD48 Binds to Heparan Sulfate on the Surface of Epithelial Cells
J. Biol. Chem., September 4, 1998; 273(36): 23367 - 23375.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Toma, P. Berninsone, and C. B. Hirschberg
The Putative Heparin-specific N-Acetylglucosaminyl N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase Also Occurs in Non-heparin-producing Cells
J. Biol. Chem., August 28, 1998; 273(35): 22458 - 22465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. S. Pikas, J.-p. Li, I. Vlodavsky, and U. Lindahl
Substrate Specificity of Heparanases from Human Hepatoma and Platelets
J. Biol. Chem., July 24, 1998; 273(30): 18770 - 18777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. J. Fernandez and G. Warren
In Vitro Synthesis of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Coupled to Inter-compartmental Golgi Transport
J. Biol. Chem., July 24, 1998; 273(30): 19030 - 19039.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. Spillmann, D. Witt, and U. Lindahl
Defining the Interleukin-8-binding Domain of Heparan Sulfate
J. Biol. Chem., June 19, 1998; 273(25): 15487 - 15493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JCBHome page
A. D. Gonzalez, M. Kaya, W. Shi, H. Song, J. R. Testa, L. Z. Penn, and J. Filmus
OCI-5/GPC3, a Glypican Encoded by a Gene That Is Mutated in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Overgrowth Syndrome, Induces Apoptosis in a Cell Line-specific Manner
J. Cell Biol., June 15, 1998; 141(6): 1407 - 1414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
A. M. Dvorak and E. S. Morgan
Ribonuclease-Gold Labels Heparin in Human Mast Cell Granules: New Use for an Ultrastructural Enzyme Affinity Technique
J. Histochem. Cytochem., June 1, 1998; 46(6): 695 - 706.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Feyzi, T. Saldeen, E. Larsson, U. Lindahl, and M. Salmivirta
Age-dependent Modulation of Heparan Sulfate Structure and Function
J. Biol. Chem., May 29, 1998; 273(22): 13395 - 13398.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. H. van Kuppevelt, M. A. B. A. Dennissen, W. J. van Venrooij, R. M. A. Hoet, and J. H. Veerkamp
Generation and Application of Type-specific Anti-Heparan Sulfate Antibodies Using Phage Display Technology. FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR HEPARAN SULFATE HETEROGENEITY IN THE KIDNEY
J. Biol. Chem., May 22, 1998; 273(21): 12960 - 12966.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Kusche-Gullberg, I. Eriksson, D. S. Pikas, and L. Kjellen
Identification and Expression in Mouse of Two Heparan Sulfate Glucosaminyl N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase Genes
J. Biol. Chem., May 8, 1998; 273(19): 11902 - 11907.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
R. Sadir, E. Forest, and H. Lortat-Jacob
The Heparan Sulfate Binding Sequence of Interferon-gamma Increased the On Rate of the Interferon-gamma -Interferon-gamma Receptor Complex Formation
J. Biol. Chem., May 1, 1998; 273(18): 10919 - 10925.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. J. Rhomberg, S. Ernst, R. Sasisekharan, and K. Biemann
Mass spectrometric and capillary electrophoretic investigation of the enzymatic degradation of heparin-like glycosaminoglycans
PNAS, April 14, 1998; 95(8): 4176 - 4181.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Habuchi, M. Kobayashi, and K. Kimata
Molecular Characterization and Expression of Heparan-sulfate 6-Sulfotransferase. COMPLETE cDNA CLONING IN HUMAN AND PARTIAL CLONING IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS
J. Biol. Chem., April 10, 1998; 273(15): 9208 - 9213.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Biol. CellHome page
A. M. Castle and J. D. Castle
Enhanced Glycosylation and Sulfation of Secretory Proteoglycans Is Coupled to the Expression of a Basic Secretory Protein
Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 1998; 9(3): 575 - 583.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Cell Sci.Home page
W. Banks, V Akerstrom, and A. Kastin
Adsorptive endocytosis mediates the passage of HIV-1 across the blood-brain barrier: evidence for a post-internalization coreceptor
J. Cell Sci., January 2, 1998; 111(4): 533 - 540.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. J. Grootjans, P. Zimmermann, G. Reekmans, A. Smets, G. Degeest, J. Durr, and G. David
Syntenin, a PDZ protein that binds syndecan cytoplasmic domains
PNAS, December 9, 1997; 94(25): 13683 - 13688.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J.-p. Li, A. Hagner-McWhirter, L. Kjellen, J. Palgi, M. Jalkanen, and U. Lindahl
Biosynthesis of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate. cDNA CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF D-GLUCURONYL C5-EPIMERASE FROM BOVINE LUNG
J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 1997; 272(44): 28158 - 28163.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
B. Lindahl and U. Lindahl
Amyloid-specific Heparan Sulfate from Human Liver and Spleen
J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 1997; 272(42): 26091 - 26094.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Feyzi, E. Trybala, T. Bergstrom, U. Lindahl, and D. Spillmann
Structural Requirement of Heparan Sulfate for Interaction with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Virions and Isolated Glycoprotein C
J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 1997; 272(40): 24850 - 24857.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. A. Vyas, J.-J. Pan, H. V. Patel, K. A. Vyas, C.-M. Chiang, Y.-C. Sheu, J.-K. Hwang, and W.-g. Wu
Analysis of Binding of Cobra Cardiotoxins to Heparin Reveals a New beta -Sheet Heparin-binding Structural Motif
J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 1997; 272(15): 9661 - 9670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Feyzi, F. Lustig, G. Fager, D. Spillmann, U. Lindahl, and M. Salmivirta
Characterization of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Domains Binding to the Long Splice Variant of Platelet-derived Growth Factor A Chain
J. Biol. Chem., February 28, 1997; 272(9): 5518 - 5524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Ringvall, J. Ledin, K. Holmborn, T. van Kuppevelt, F. Ellin, I. Eriksson, A.-M. Olofsson, L. Kjellen, and E. Forsberg
Defective Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis and Neonatal Lethality in Mice Lacking N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase-1
J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 2000; 275(34): 25926 - 25930.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Kitagawa, N. Egusa, J.-i. Tamura, M. Kusche-Gullberg, U. Lindahl, and K. Sugahara
rib-2, a Caenorhabditis elegans Homolog of the Human Tumor Suppressor EXT Genes Encodes a Novel alpha 1,4-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthetic Initiation and Elongation of Heparan Sulfate
J. Biol. Chem., February 9, 2001; 276(7): 4834 - 4838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Ouzzine, S. Gulberti, P. Netter, J. Magdalou, and S. Fournel-Gigleux
Structure/Function of the Human Galbeta 1,3-glucuronosyltransferase. DIMERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY ARE MEDIATED BY TWO CRUCIAL CYSTEINE RESIDUES
J. Biol. Chem., September 1, 2000; 275(36): 28254 - 28260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. C. M. Cavalcante, S. Allodi, A.-P. Valente, A. H. Straus, H. K. Takahashi, P. A. S. Mourao, and M. S. G. Pavao
Occurrence of Heparin in the Invertebrate Styela plicata (Tunicata) Is Restricted to Cell Layers Facing the Outside Environment. AN ANCIENT ROLE IN DEFENSE?
J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2000; 275(46): 36189 - 36196.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y.-J. Sun, N.-C. A. Chang, S.-I. Hung, A. C. Chang, C.-C. Chou, and C.-D. Hsiao
The Crystal Structure of a Novel Mammalian Lectin, Ym1, Suggests a Saccharide Binding Site
J. Biol. Chem., May 11, 2001; 276(20): 17507 - 17514.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C.-P. Kwan, G. Venkataraman, Z. Shriver, R. Raman, D. Liu, Y. Qi, L. Varticovski, and R. Sasisekharan
Probing Fibroblast Growth Factor Dimerization and Role of Heparin-like Glycosaminoglycans in Modulating Dimerization and Signaling
J. Biol. Chem., June 22, 2001; 276(26): 23421 - 23429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
B.-M. Loo, J. Kreuger, M. Jalkanen, U. Lindahl, and M. Salmivirta
Binding of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4
J. Biol. Chem., May 11, 2001; 276(20): 16868 - 16876.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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