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The FASEB Journal, Vol 10, 27-34, Copyright © 1996 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

REVIEWS

The denatured state (the other half of the folding equation) and its role in protein stability

D Shortle
Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

Experimental studies of the physical interactions that stabilize protein structure are complicated by the fact that proteins do not unfold to a simple reference state. When their folded structure breaks down, protein chains do not become random coils. Instead, they enter a poorly understood ensemble of partially folded states known collectively as the denatured state. Although it has long been held that agents that promote protein unfolding act specifically on the denatured state, the idea that mutations can exert their destabilizing (or in some cases, stabilizing) effects directly on this state is not widely accepted. A large body of thermodynamic data on mutant proteins plus a limited amount of structural information describing mutational effects on denatured states indicate that 1) the denatured state plays a central role in all aspects of protein stability, including mutant effects, and 2) a quantitative understanding of how amino acid sequence encodes protein structure will probably depend on a more complete picture of this complex, difficult-to-study state.


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Copyright © 1996 by The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.