Figure 2. Biological effects of 17-HDHA in hepatocytes and macrophages. Murine CC-1 hepatocytes were incubated with vehicle (0.5% ethanol) or 17-HDHA (1 µM) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for 1 h at 37°C, and genotoxic damage (A) and oxidative stress (B) were determined by comet assay and measuring MDA concentrations in cell lysates, respectively. Results are the mean ± SE of 4 experiments; P values are given with respect to untreated cells. C) Murine raw 264.7 macrophages were incubated with vehicle or 17-HDHA (1 µM) for 2 h at 37°C and TNF- levels in cell supernatants were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results are mean ± SE of 4 different experiments. P values are given with respect to untreated cells.