Figure 1. H. influenzae potentiates RV-39 induced IL-8 (A), ENA-78 (B), and GRO- (C) expression in primary mucociliary-differentiated human tracheal epithelial cells. Primary human airway epithelial cells differentiated into mucociliary phenotype were infected with H. influenzae at MOI of 1 and incubated for 8 h. Unbound bacteria were removed, and cells were infected with RV39 (MOI of 1 for 1 h) apically. Cultures incubated with equal volumes of sham-infected HeLa cell extracts served as controls. Chemokine release in basolateral chamber was measured 24 h later by ELISA. Bars are mean ± SE of 3 experiments; *different from sham infected, P < 0.05, ANOVA.