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Figure 1


Figure 1. Daily expression pattern of hBmal1, hCry1, hPer1, hClock, hß1-adrenergic receptor (hß1-ADR) mRNA in the human pineal of aged controls ({blacksquare}: Braak 0), preclinical AD ({circ}: Braak I-II) and clinical AD ({triangleup}: Braak V-VI). The significant daily variation of hBmal1, hCry1, hPer1, hß1-ADR mRNA only appears in Braak 0 (aged controls). *Among Braak 0, values significantly higher than 1000–1600 (a–c) or significantly higher than 1000–1600 and 2200–0400 (e). #hCry1 mRNA levels are higher in Braak V-VI than Braak 0 and I-II (b). ## hCry1 mRNA levels are higher in Braak V-VI and Braak I-II than Braak 0 (b).