Figure 4. Interferences of anthracyclines with signaling pathways in cardiac cells. A, anthracycline molecule; IRP-1; iron regulatory protein-1; IRE, iron responsive elements; Fer, ferritin; TfR, transferrin receptor; RyR, cardiac-type ryanodine receptor; SERCA2, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Cyt-c, cytochrome c; APAF-1, apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; SMase, sphingomyelinase; Akt (PKB), protein kinase B; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; gp130, glycoprotein 130; FADD, Fas-associated death domain protein; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase. Bcl2, Bax, and Bad are members of the Bcl2 family of apoptotic regulatory proteins. Solid and dashed lines indicate activation and inhibition of target molecules, respectively.